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JRMC
Health Scan Column: Avoiding Winter Nose Bleeds
Posted 25 January
2010
Winter is officially
here and with the wonderful weather, we all have to deal with the
colder air, drier skin and maybe an occasional nosebleed for
some. A nosebleed is the loss of blood from the tissue lining of
your nose, and bleeding most commonly occurs in one nostril only.
Nosebleeds are very common. Most nosebleeds occur because of minor
irritations or colds.
The nose contains many tiny blood vessels that bleed easily. Air moving
through the nose can dry and irritate the membranes lining the inside
of the nose, forming crusts. These crusts bleed when irritated by
rubbing, picking or blowing the nose.
The lining of the nose is more likely to become dry and irritated from
low humidity, allergies, colds or sinusitis. Thus, nosebleeds occur
more frequently in the winter when viruses are common and heated indoor
air dries out the nostrils. A deviated septum, foreign object in the
nose or other nasal blockage can also cause a nosebleed.
Most nosebleeds occur on the tip of the nasal septum, the tissue that
separates the two sides of the nose. The septum contains many fragile,
easily damaged blood vessels. This form of nosebleed is usually easy to
stop. Less commonly, nosebleeds may occur higher on the septum or
deeper in the nose. Such nosebleeds may be harder to control.
Occasionally, nosebleeds may indicate other disorders such as bleeding
disorders or high blood pressure.
Common causes of nosebleeds are:
• Nose picking
• Direct injury to nose, including a broken nose
• Blowing the nose very hard
• Very cold or very dry air
• An object stuck in the nose
• Allergic rhinitis
• Repeated sneezing
• Upper respiratory infection
• Change in air pressure
• Chemical irritants
• Taking large doses of aspirin or blood-thinning
medicine
• Nasal sprays
• Surgery on the face or nose
Home Care
To stop a nosebleed, sit down and gently squeeze the soft portion of
the nose between your thumb and finger (so that the nostrils are
closed) for about 5-10 minutes. Lean forward to avoid swallowing the
blood and breathe through your mouth. Wait at least five minutes before
checking if the bleeding has stopped. Almost all nosebleeds can be
controlled in this way if enough time is allowed for the bleeding to
stop.
It may help to apply cold compresses or ice across the bridge of the
nose. DO NOT pack the inside of the nose with gauze. Lying down
with a nosebleed is not recommended. You should avoid sniffing or
blowing your nose for several hours after a nosebleed.
Call your health care provider if:
• Bleeding does not stop after 20 minutes
• Nose bleeding occurs after an injury to the head;
this may suggest a skull fracture and x-rays should be taken
• Your nose may be broken (for example, it is
misshapen after a blow or injury)
• You have repeated nosebleeds, particularly if they
are becoming more frequent and are not associated with a cold or other
minor irritation.
Prevention
A cooler house and a vaporizer, to return humidity to the air, help
many people with frequent nosebleeds. Nasal saline spray and petroleum
jelly ointment (such as Vaseline) can help prevent nosebleeds,
especially during the winter months.
For more information on this or any other health related topic, visit www.jonesregional.org.
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